Velez-Blasini, C. J. (1997). A cross cultural-comparison of alcohol expectancies in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 124-141.

This study compared the alcohol expectancies of 211 (62 males; 149 females) native Puerto Rican (P.R.) and 167 (54 males; 113 females) U.S. college students. Respondents completed a back-translated alcohol expectancy questionnaire. Results were factor analyzed separately by ethnicity. Comparison of factor structures indicated similarities and differences in expectancy structures. P.R. respondents showed a tendency to associate positive aspects of alcohol effects with an expectancy for increased sociability whereas for U.S. respondents these dimensions appeared to be independent. Puerto Ricans also had expectations of concurrent positive and negative alcohol effects on sexual behavior. A strong relationship between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption patterns was observed in both samples. Positive expectancies were better predictors of drinking than negative expectancies.