CIAO DATE: 12/98

Maritime Shipping in Northeast Asia: Law of the Sea, Sea Lanes, and Security

Michael Stankiewicz

University of California

Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Michael Stankiewicz

Developments in Asian Maritime Trade
Stephen J. Meyrick

Northeast Asia: Transnational Navigational Issues and Possible Cooperative Responses
Mark J. Valencia

Marine Carriage of Petroleum with Special Reference to Northeast Asia
Chia Lin Sien

Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) Security and Access
Dr. Stanley B. Weeks

Security of SLOCs in East Asia
Seo-Hang Lee

Figures and Tables

Developments in Asian Maritime Trade

Stephen J. Meyrick

FIGURE 1: Cumulative Economic Growth—Various Regions, 1989 To 1995

TABLE 1: Share of Manufacturing in Exports and Imports, 1977 And 1994

TABLE 2: Container Movements in East Asia—History and Forecasts (000 TEU)

TABLE 3: Estimated Intra-Asian and Trans-Pacific Container Flows—1996 and 2000 (000 TEU)

TABLE 4: Leading Asian Shipowning Economies

TABLE 5: Leading Asian Container Lines, 1996

Northeast Asia: Transnational Navigational Issues and Possible Cooperative Responses

Mark J. Valencia

TABLE 1: Rights of Aliens for Different Activities in Different Jurisdictional Zones

Marine Carriage of Petroleum with Special Reference to Northeast Asia

Chia Lin Sien

FIGURE 1: Northeast Asia: Seas, Straits, and Oil Refineries

TABLE 1: Basic Facts on Northeast Asian States, 1994

TABLE 2: Oil Reserves, Production, Refining Capacity and Consumption, East Asian States, 1994

TABLE 3: Oil Consumption for Northeast Asian Countries, 1992—1994

TABLE 4: Oil Tanker Fleets of Northeast Asian States, 1995

TABLE 5: Shipping Traffic THrough the Malacca Straits, 1982—1993

FIGURE 2: Major Shipping Routes Between Indian Ocean and Northeast Asia

TABLE 6: IMO International Conventions and Contracting States in Northeast Asia as of 1 October 1996

Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) Security and Access

Dr. Stanley B. Weeks

FIGURE 1: Principal International Sea Lanes Through Southeast Asia

TABLE 1: 1994 Trade Via the Southeast Asian Straits (Billions of 1994 U.S. Dollars)

TABLE 2: Value of Trade for Select Asian Countries Passing Through Major Southeast Asian Sea Lanes ($Billions)

FIGURE 2: InterregionalIron Ore Movements:Millions of Long Tonnes (MLT)

FIGURE 3: Interregional Coke and Coal Movements: Millions of Long Tonnes (MLT)

FIGURE 4: Interregional Maritime Crude Oil Shipments: Millions of Long Tonnes (MLT)

FIGURE 5: Piracy "Hot SpotsS" in East and Southeast Asia

TABLE 3: Comparison of Worldwide Piracy Statistics Reported to the IMB in 1992 and 1993

TABLE 4: Pirate Attacks in Asia and the Rest of the World, 1994

FIGURE 6: Piracy in the Far East

TABLE 5: Number of Attacks, January—December, by Location

Security of SLOCs in East Asia

Seo-Hang Lee

TABLE 1: Ten Busiest Container Ports in the World. 1994

TABLE 2: Volume of Seaborne Trade of Northeast Asian Countries

FIGURE 1: Dispute Over Sea Lanes in Indonesian Archipelagic Waters

TABLE 3: Number of Pirate Attacks in East Asia, 1991—1996

FIGURE 2: International Cooperative Scheme for SLOC Security in East Asia (Kawamura's Proposal)

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