CURRICULUM VITAE

 

Paul M. Sommers

 

 

Address                                                                                    Phone

 

     Department of Economics                                                           Home:    802-388-6549

     Middlebury College                                                                     Office:   802-443-5325

     Middlebury, Vermont 05753                                                         Fax:       802-443-2084                    

 

 

Education

 

          B.A. (with honors) in Economics and Mathematics,

                   University of California, Santa Cruz, 1970

 

          M.A. in Economics, University of Michigan, 1972

 

          Ph.D. in Economics, University of California, San Diego, 1976

 

 

Academic Positions

 

          Assistant Professor, Middlebury College, 1976-1980

 

          Visiting Assistant Professor, University of California, San Diego, 1980-1981

 

          Assistant Professor, Middlebury College, 1981-1982

 

          Associate Professor, Middlebury College, 1982-1987

 

          Visiting Associate Professor, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1987-1988

 

          Associate Professor, Middlebury College, 1988-1989

 

          Chair, Department of Economics, Middlebury College, 1992-1995

 

          Professor, Middlebury College, 1989-present

 

 

Professional Organizations

 

          Member of the Atlantic Economic Society and American Economic Association

 

 

Doctoral Dissertation

 

          Birth Control in an Econometric Simulation Model

 

 

Publications

 

Books:

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield: Microeconomics:

          Theory and Applications [Third Edition], 1979

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield:  Microeconomics: 

          Theory and Applications [Fourth Edition], 1982

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield: Microeconomics: 

          Theory and Applications [Fifth Edition], 1985

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield:  Microeconomics: 

          Theory and Applications [Sixth Edition], 1988

          (co-authored with William D. Gunther)

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield:  Microeconomics: 

          Theory and Applications [Seventh Edition], 1991

          (co-authored with William D. Gunther)

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield:  Microeconomics: 

          Theory and Applications [Eighth Edition], 1994

          (co-authored with William D. Gunther)

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield:  Microeconomics: 

          Theory and Applications [Ninth Edition], 1997

          (co-authored with Kathryn Nantz and William D. Gunther)

 

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Edwin Mansfield:  Applied Microeconomics

          [First Edition], 1994 (co-authored with Kathryn Nantz and William D. Gunther)

 

Paul M. Sommers (ed.), Welfare Reform in America: Perspectives and

          Prospects, Boston, Massachusetts: Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, 1982

 

Paul M. Sommers (ed.), Diamonds Are Forever: The Business of

          Baseball, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1992

 

Articles:

 

Sommers, Paul M. and Daniel B. Suits, "A Cross-Section Model of Economic Growth,"

          The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 53 (May 197l), pp. 121-128.

 

Sommers, Paul M. and Daniel B. Suits, "Analysis of Net Interstate Migration,"

          Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 40 (October 1973), pp. 193-201.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Analysis of Income Distributional Changes, 1969-1973,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 7 (July 1979), pp. 33-38.

 

Sommers, Paul M. and John Conlisk, "Eigenvalue Immobility Measures for Markov Chains,"         

          Journal of Mathematical Sociology, Vol. 6 (1979), pp. 253-276.

 

Conlisk, John  and Paul M. Sommers, "Eigenvector Status Proxies in Markov Chain

          Mobility Models," Sociological Methods and Research,

          Vol. 8 (November 1979), pp. 159-178.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "The Value of Birth Control," Applied Economics,

          Vol. 12 (June 1980), pp. 195-207.

 

Sommers, Paul M. and Peter B. Culman, "An NIT for NYC:  Analysis of a  Policy Option,"         

          Eastern Economic Journal, Vol. 6 (August-October 1980), pp. 203-208.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Deterrence and Gun Control:  An Empirical Analysis,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 8 (December 1980), pp. 89-94.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Analysis of Net Interstate Migration Revisited,"

          Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 62 (June 1981), pp. 294-302.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "One More Stat on the Sultan of Swat," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 14(2), 1981-82, pp. 109-110.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Hourglass Figures:  An Analysis of TV Era Miss Americas,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 14(3), 1981-82, pp. 191-194.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Deterrence and Gun Control: A Reply," Atlantic Economic Journal,

          Vol. 10 (July 1982), pp. 54-57.

 

Sommers, Paul M. and Noel Quinton, "Pay and Performance in Major League Baseball:

          The Case of the First Family of Free Agents," The Journal of Human Resources,         

          Vol. 17 (Summer 1982), pp. 426-436.

 

McCombs, Mary E. and Paul M. Sommers, "Are Women the Weaker Sex in Grand Prix Jumping? 

          The Answer is Nay," Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 15(3), 1982-83,

          pp. 161-167.

 

Sommers, Paul M. and Laura Thomas, "Restricting Federal Funds for Abortion: Another Look,"   

          Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 64 (June 1983), pp. 340-346.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Testing for Bias in Beauty Pageant Judging," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 16(1), 1983-84, pp. 33-41.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Further Analysis of the Increasing Rate of Suicide by Firearms,"

          The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 310 (January 5, 1984), pp. 47-48.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Reel Analysis," Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 16(3), 1983-84, pp. 161-166.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "The Effect of Gun Control Laws on Suicide Rates,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 12 (March 1984), pp. 67-69.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Drinking Age and the 55 MPH Speed Limit,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 13 (March 1985), pp. 43-48.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "A Study of Olympic Proportions," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 17(3), 1984-85, pp. 161-167.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Comprehensive Tax and Welfare Reform," Journal of

          the Institute for Socioeconomic Studies, Vol. 10 (Autumn 1985),

          pp. 86-100.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Measurement of Tax Progressivity: A Further Application,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 14 (March 1986), pp. 59-62.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Tax Reform and the Repeal of Deductibility,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 15 (March 1987), p. 120.

 

Erickson, Jill E., Elizabeth A. Loring, Lisa B. Seiden, and Paul M. Sommers,

          "The Boys of Summer are the Chis of Spring," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 19(3), 1987, pp.  161-163.

 

Cornish, Andrew, Charles Fiedler, Brian S. Foss, and Paul M. Sommers,

          "Eye-pothesis Testing: Another Look at the 1986 World Series,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 19(4), 1987,  pp. 241-246.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Career Length and Playing Position in Major League Baseball:

          Any Connection?" Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 19(4), 1987, pp. 247-251.

 

Gregorich, Michael D. and Paul M. Sommers, "Youth Will Be Served,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 19(4), 1987, pp. 286-290.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Does the American Presidency Shorten Life?" Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 21(1), 1989, pp. 39-45.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "A Post-mortem on the Death-Dip Hypothesis," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 21(2), 1989, pp. 127-130.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "The Golden Boys of Summer, 1987," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 21(3), 1989, pp. 161-165.

 

Devine, Karen J., Viraj M.  Mirani, and Paul M. Sommers, "Joint Distributions,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 21(4), 1989, pp. 260-263.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Soak the Rich Arithmetic," Atlantic Economic Journal,

          Vol. 18 (March 1990), p. 91.

 

Rau, Amy R., Cornelia S. Wise, and Paul M. Sommers, "Hypothesis Tasting,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 22(2), 1990, pp. 98-100.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "An Empirical Note on Salaries in Major League Baseball,"

          Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 71 (December 1990), pp. 861-867.

 

Durland, Dan W. and Paul M. Sommers, "Collusion in Major League Baseball:

          An Empirical Test," Journal of Sport Behavior, Vol. 14 (March 1991),

          No. 1, pp. 19-29.

 

Strong, Raymond B. and Paul M. Sommers, "Salary Differentials by Sex and Region

          in Academe," Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 19 (March 1991), p. 99.

 

Downs, Robert J.  and Paul M. Sommers, "Is the Great One Slipping?  Not on the Ice,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 23(1), 1991, pp. 1-5.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "A Penny for Your Thoughts on Income Distribution,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 20 (March 1992), p. 107.

 

Sommers, Paul M. , "Are There Pay Differentials in the Major Leagues?  Some Ballpark

          Figures," Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 23(4), 1992, pp. 281-284.

 

Calise, Lori K., Tamara M. Caruso, John B. Cunningham, and Paul M. Sommers,

          "The Golden Midd," Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 24(1),

          1992, pp. 26-29.

 

Disco, Matthew D., Felix Paulick, and Paul M. Sommers, "Some Differences are

          Like Night and Day," Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 24(2),

          1992, pp. 94-96.

 

Citrin, Jacob A. and Paul M. Sommers, "Political Cycles in the Distribution of Income,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 20 (December 1992), p. 90.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "A Probability Distribution With Serious Faults,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 24(4), 1992, pp. 241-244.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "The Influence of Salary Arbitration on Player Performance,"

          Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 74 (June 1993), pp. 439-443.

 

Tabechian, Shirin S., Andrew C. Peach, and Paul M. Sommers, "Are Supreme Court

          Resignations Non-stochastic?" Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 25(1), 1993, pp. 13-17.

 

Lounsbury, Derek R. and Paul M. Sommers, "Investing in the (St.) Nick of Time,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 25(2), 1993, pp. 142-144.

 

Hamre, Mark A. and Paul M. Sommers, "The Line-Item Veto: A Reappraisal,"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 21 (December 1993), p. 86.

 

Harper, Scott B. and Paul M. Sommers, "Cleveland, Ohio: Still Under the

          Weather?" Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 25(4), 1993, pp. 241-246.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Probably the Greatest Hitter Who Ever Lived," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 26(1), 1994, pp. 32-35.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "A Bread-and-Putter Model," Atlantic Economic Journal,

          Vol. 22 (December 1994), p. 77.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Ticket Prices and Player Salaries in Major League Baseball,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 26(4), 1994, pp. 274-276.

 

Smith, Brian E. and Paul M. Sommers, "Tee Tests," Journal of Recreational

          Mathematics, Vol. 26(4), 1994, pp. 282-284.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Does Lower Income Inequality Improve a Country's Investment Climate?"

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 23 (December 1995), p. 335.

 

Pitts, Gregory J. and Paul M. Sommers, "Grateful Data Analysis,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 27(1), 1995, pp. 43-47.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Stamps of Approval," Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 27(2), 1995, pp. 92-97.         

 

Hanson, Daniel P., Jonathan E. Parr, and Paul M. Sommers, "An Empirical Assessment of          

          Presidential Veto Power," Journal of Recreational Mathematics, 

          Vol. 27(2), 1995, pp. 98-103.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "The Vegetable Veto," Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 27(3), 1995, pp. 201-203.

 

Trickett, Jennifer E. and Paul M. Sommers, "Congressional Ways and Statistical Means,"

          CHANCE, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring 1996, pp. 57-59.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Presidential Candidates Who Measure Up,"

          CHANCE, Vol. 9, No. 3, Summer 1996, pp. 29-31.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Stamps of Approval" (revised and updated),

          CHANCE, Vol. 9, No. 3, Summer 1996, pp. 33-37.

 

Cawley, Jason J. and Paul M. Sommers, "Voting Irregularities in the 1995 Referendum

          on Quebec Sovereignty," CHANCE, Vol. 9, No. 4, Fall 1996, pp. 26-27.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Meddling with 1996 Olympic Results,"

          CHANCE, Vol. 9, No. 4, Fall 1996, pp. 28-30.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "More About Presidential Candidates Who Measure Up,"

          CHANCE, Vol. 9, No. 4, Fall 1996, p. 52.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Greying of Olympic Gold," Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 28(1), 1996-97, pp. 18-21.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Meddling With Olympic Results," Journal of Recreational

          Mathematics, Vol. 28(1), 1996-97, pp. 49-52.

 

Zhao, MengHao and Paul M. Sommers, "A Comment on 'Industry's Response to Market

          Liberalization in China: Evidence from Jiangsu Province,'"

          Economic Development and Cultural Change,

          Vol. 45(3), April 1997, pp. 667-670.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Tonga Won the Atlanta Olympics!"  CHANCE,

          Vol. 10, No. 2, Spring 1997, pp. 63-64.

 

Malinov, Marina J. and Paul M. Sommers, "A New Line on the Phillips Curve,"

          Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 78 (September 1997), pp. 740-746.

 

Buchan, Katherine D. and Paul M. Sommers, "Judging Olympic Judges for

          Political Bias," Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 28(2),

          1996-97, pp. 93-97.

 

Spivack, Alix A., Kip M. Kirkpatrick, and Paul M. Sommers, "Numbers You Can Bank On,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 28(2), 1996-97, pp. 123-128.

 

Carbonneau, Danielle E. and Paul M. Sommers, "Measuring Competitive Balance

          in Major League Baseball," Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 28(3), 1996-97, pp. 161-165.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Pitcher Perfect: All Tall Talk?" Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 28(3), 1996-97, pp. 177-179.

         

Sommers, Paul M., "Home-Field Advantage in the World Series: Myth or Reality?"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 28(3), 1996-97, pp. 180-184.

 

Polson, Peter M. and Paul M. Sommers, "Sleeveless in Seattle," Journal of

          Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 28(4), 1996-97, pp. 280-285.

 

Dorf, Alexandra N. and Paul M. Sommers, "Should Order of Birth Give One Paws?"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 28(4), 1996-97, pp. 285-286.

 

Raymond, Kevin R. and Paul M. Sommers, "Baseball's Designated Hitter: A Retrospective,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 28(4), 1996-97, pp. 287-288.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Work Incentives and Salary Distributions in the National Hockey

          League," Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 26 (March 1998), p. 119.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Norway Won the Nagano Olympics!" CHANCE,

          Vol. 11, No. 2, Spring 1998, p. 26.

 

Austin, Peter L., Sebastien Bilodeau, Ross B. Sealfon, and Paul M. Sommers,

          "A Note on NHL Salaries After Glasnost," International Advances in

          Economic Research, Vol. 4 (May 1998), pp. 205-206.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "What's in a Name?" Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 29(1), 1998, pp. 28-31.

 

Sommers, Paul M., "Student's t and Crackers," College Mathematics Journal,

          Vol. 30, No. 1, January 1999, pp. 32-34.

 

Malinov, Marina J. and Paul M. Sommers, "Reply to A Comment on 'A New Line on the

          Phillips Curve'," Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 80 (March 1999), pp. 197-198.

 

Davidson, Tiffany S., Meredith R. Fisher, Renee S. Minott, and Paul M. Sommers,

          "A Fable for Prime Time: Fox and the Peacock," Atlantic Economic Journal,

          Vol. 27 (March 1999), p. 116.

 

Bilodeau, Sebastien and Paul M. Sommers, "Ice Moves,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 29(2), 1998, pp. 93-94.

 

Gupta, Sandeep K. and Paul M. Sommers, "A Simple Cross-Section Model of Economic

          Growth Stands the Test of Time," Applied Economics Letters,

          Vol. 6, 1999, pp. 601-603.

 

White, Alissa A. and Paul M. Sommers, "Closing the Gender Gap in Track and Field,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 29(3), 1998, pp. 180-183.

 

Nally, Michael T. and Paul M. Sommers, "Striking Back: The Baseball Fan Boycott of 1995,"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 29(3), 1998, pp. 184-188.

 

Shipchandler, Shamoil T. and Paul M. Sommers, "Hold That ‘y = mx + b’!"

          Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 29(4), 1998, pp. 241-245.

 

Walsh, James R., William R. Goldman, Michael T. Anastasio, and Paul M. Sommers,

          "Who Is Le Mieux: Wayne or Mario?" Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 29(4), 1998, pp. 248-253.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “The Super Bowl Theory: Fourth and Long,”

          College Mathematics Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, May 2000, pp. 189-192.

 

Malinov, Marina J. and Paul M. Sommers, “Reply to ‘A New Line on the Phillips Curve:

          Additional Evidence on the U.S.’,” Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 81 (June 2000),

          pp. 682-684.

 

Cassidy, Elizabeth A., Rebecca P. Judge, and Paul M. Sommers, "The Distribution of

          Environmental Justice: A Comment," Social Science Quarterly,

          Vol. 81 (September 2000), pp. 877-878.

 

Chiong, Wai Yee and Paul M. Sommers, "Splines, Tigers, and Economic Growth,”

          Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 28 (December 2000), p. 494.

 

Meyer, Daniel A., Peter H. Matthews and Paul M. Sommers, "Net Interstate Migration

          Revisited,” Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 8 (2001), pp. 131-134.

 

Aaron, Michael A., Brewster B. Boyd, Jr., Melanie J. Curtis, and Paul M. Sommers,

          "Punxsutawney's Phenomenal Phorecaster,” College Mathematics Journal,

          Vol. 32, No. 1, January 2001, pp. 26-29.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “Does an R-rating Mean Bad Business?”,

          International Advances in Economic Research, Vol. 7 (May 2001), p. 271.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “Sultans of Swat and the Runs Test,” Journal of Recreational

          Mathematics, Vol. 30(2), 1999-2000, pp. 118-120.

 

Deese, Brian C., Eric P. Schacht, and Paul M. Sommers, “A Note on New England’s

          Residual Wholesale Electricity Market,” Atlantic Economic Journal,

          Vol. 29 (December 2001), p. 473.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “Is Presidential Greatness Related to Height?”

          College Mathematics Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 2002, pp. 14-16.

 

Sommers, Paul M. and Peter H. Matthews, “Do PGA Tournaments Have Perverse

          Incentive Effects?” International Advances in Economic Research,

          Vol. 8 (February 2002), p. 82.

 

May, James W., William H. Pyle, and Paul M. Sommers, “Does Governance

          Explain Unofficial Activity?” Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 9 (2002), pp. 537-539.

 

Bisgaier, Steven P., Benjamin S. Bradley, Peter D. Harwood, and Paul M. Sommers,

          “Chasing Hank Aaron’s Home Run Record,” College Mathematics

          Journal, Vol. 33, No. 4, September 2002, pp. 293-295.

 

Copeland, Aaron T., David J. Greiner, Brian D. McGregor, Laura W. Woodward,

          and Paul M. Sommers, “Shotgun!” Journal of Recreational Mathematics,

          Vol. 31(1), 2002-2003, pp. 45-46.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “DOO-WOPoly,” International Advances in Economic Research,

          Vol. 8 (November 2002), p. 365.

 

Ahmed, Fahim, Saad Kamal, and Paul M. Sommers,  “The Fuzzy Math on

          the Butterfly Ballot and the Buchanan Vote,”  Atlantic Economic Journal,

          Vol. 30 (December 2002), p. 441.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “Baseball’s All-Stars: Birthplace and Distribution,”

          College Mathematics Journal, Vol. 34, No. 1, January 2003, pp. 24-30.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “The Writing on ‘The Wall’,” CHANCE, Vol. 16, No. 1,

          Winter 2003, pp. 35-38.

 

Sommers, Paul M., “A Postscript on Colleges in Collusion,” International Advances

          in Economic Research, Vol. 9 (February 2003), pp. 85-86.

 

Fanning, Christopher E., Kyle H. Pilkington, Tyler A. Conrad, and Paul M. Sommers,

          “March Madness: The Racket in Regional Brackets,” Journal of Recreational

          Mathematics, Vol. 31(3), 2002-2003, pp. 201-203.

 

Ransom, Elizabeth A. and Paul M. Sommers, "A Scoring Change in World Cup Rugby,"

          Student, Vol. 4(4), September 2003, pp. 287-290.