This list includes the names of all Spratly features known to be occupied and/or above water at low tide.
| Name |
Location |
Description |
Occupier |
|
Da Suoi Ngoc (V) Xian'e Jiao (C) Arellano (P) |
9°25'N 115°26'E |
A sand "cay", 1.2 m high. Many rocks above high tide line [9, 16, 18]. Reef encloses a lagoon. |
None [7] |
|
Da (or Bai) Toc Tan (V) Liumen Jiao (C) |
8°51'N 114°00'E |
Naturally above water only at low tide [18]. Encloses a lagoon. |
no date [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
Dao An Bang (V) Anbo Shazhou (C) Kalantiyaw (P) Pulau Amboyna Kecil (M) |
7°51'N 112°55'E |
1.6 ha. 2 m high. Two parts: East part consists of sand and coral, west part is covered with guano. Has fringing reef. An obelisk, about 2.7 m high, stands on the SW corner. Little vegetation. Lighthouse operational since May 1995. Heavily fortified [8, 16, 18; Japan Times, 5/29/95), p. 3]. |
1975 or 1978 [1, 3, 7, 15, 20]; 1979 [8] |
|
Bai Kieu Ngua (V) Andu Tan (C), Xibo Jiao (T) Terumbu Ubi (M) |
7°38'N 113°56'E |
Naturally
above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. Has a few sandy patches
[18]. |
1986 [1, 3, 7, 8] |
|
Gongzhen Jiao (C) |
10°43.5'N 116°10'E |
Awash at low tide [18]. |
None |
|
(Part of Tizard Banks) |
10°24'N 114°24'E |
Small drying reef halfway between Taiwan-occupied Itu Aba and Vietnam-occupied Sand Cay. "Construction project" underway in spring 1995 [FBIS-EAS-95-065, 4/5/95, p. 41]. |
March '95 [FBIS] |
|
Bai Thuyen Chai (V) Bai Jiao, Liwei Dao (C) Terumbu Perahu (M) Mascado (P) |
8°10'N 113°18'E |
Coral.
Highest rocks are 4.5 m high, at SW end. Much of reef is above water
at high tide. Some sandy patches. 18 miles long. Its military structures
were recently upgraded [9], [16] (which gives height as 4.5 m), [18];
[20] and [Asiaweek, 7/17/92, p. 22] say |
1987 [1, l7, 14] (Malaysia, 1988 [20]) |
| See Rifleman Bank. |
|||
|
Pengbo Bao (Ansha) (C) |
9°26'N 116°55'E |
Several rocks are exposed at low tide. Surrounds a lagoon [18]. |
None |
|
Niuchelun Jiao (C) |
9°36'N 112°24'E |
Above water only at low tide. No lagoon [18]. |
None |
|
(Part of London Reefs) Dao Truong Sa Dong (V) Zhong Jiao (C) |
8°55'N 116°11'E |
SW part is a sandbank which barely submerges at high tide. The rest is coral reef, awash, surrounding a lagoon [9, 18]. |
1978 [3, 7, 11, 20] |
|
(Part of Union Banks) Da Co Lin, Bai Vung May (V) Guihan Jiao (C) |
9°45'N 114°14'E |
Also known as Johnson North Reef, as it is connected to Johnson South Reef. A "coral dune" is located at the southeast corner, above the high tide line [9]. |
no date [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
Da Cong Do (V) Siling Jiao (C) Terumbu Laksamana (M) Rizal (P) |
8°21'N 115°17'E |
A sand "cay", 0.5 m high, surrounded by two lagoons. Parts of reef above water at high tide [9, 18]. Some structures [7, 16]. |
1978 [1, 3, 20]; [7] says deserted since 1986 |
|
Da Nui Le (V) Nanhua Jiao (C) |
8°44'N 114°11'E |
Naturally
above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon [18]. [3] claims that
|
1988 [1, 18, 20] |
|
(Part of London Reefs) Bai Chau Vien (V) Huayang Jiao (C) |
8°53'N 112°51'E |
Coral rocks only. highest are 1.5 m high, on the north. No lagoon [9, 18]. [13] calls this Guarteron Reef. |
PRC 1988 [1, 3, 7, 8] |
| See Whitson Reef. |
|||
|
Da Da Lat (V) (?) Guangxing Jiao (C) Terumbu Laya (M) |
7°38'N 113°48'E |
Naturally
above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon [18]. One officer
and eight soldiers stationed here in 1988 [3]; [Asiaweek, 5/20/88].
|
1987 [7, 20] |
|
Da Lon (V) Daxian Dao (C); Paredes (P) |
9°59'N 113°51'E |
Several rocks are above water at high tide. Most of reef is above water at low tide. Has lagoon [9, 18]. |
1988 [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
Da Nho (V) Xiaoxian Jiao (C) |
10°01'N 114°02'E |
Above
water only at low tide [18]. [3] states that |
None? [7] |
|
(Part of London Reefs) Da Dong. Con Dong (V) Dong Jiao (C) Silangan (P) |
8°52'N 112°46'E |
Rocks up to 1 m high. Encloses a lagoon [9, 16, 18]. |
1988 [3, 7, 20] |
|
(Part of Tizard Banks) Anda Jiao (C) Beting Burgai (P) |
10°21'N 114°42'E |
Only a few large rocks are naturally above water at high tide [9, 18]. [FEER, 8/13/92] claims that this reef is occupied by PRC. [7] gives Guihan Jiao as the Chinese name, but [19] and [13] grant this name to Collins Reef. |
Between 1978 & 1983 [3, 7, 13] |
|
Boji Jiao (C) Terumbu Siput (M) |
8°07'N 114°10'E |
[18] says reef is above water only at low tide, but [9] claims that "some isolated rocks on the eastern edge might stand above high water." Encloses a lagoon [18]. |
None [7] |
|
(Also called Northwest Investigator Reef) Da Chu Thap (V) Yungshu Jiao (C) Ka(gi)lingan (P) |
9°37'N 112°58'E |
Rocks up to 1 m high [18]; [5] says all below high tide, but guano deposits disagree. PRC built a navy harbor by blasting, piling up and cementing coral, but says no soldiers stationed here. 8,080 square meters, 14 miles long, with airstrip. "Marine observation station" built in 1988; coconut, fir, and banyan trees plantes as well [1, 5, 9]. Actually 3 reefs. |
PRC 1988 [1, 3, 4, 7, 8] |
|
Bai Suoi Nga (V) Xinyi Ansha, Xinyi Jiao (C) |
9°20'N 115°57'E |
A few rocks are permanently above sea level. Much of the reef is above water at low tide. Encloses a lagoon [18]. |
None [7] |
|
Dao Binh Nguyen (V) Feixin Dao, Antang Dao (C) Patag (P) |
10°50'N 115°49'E |
A low, flat, sandy cay, 240 by 90 m, subject to erosion. Has a nearby reef which is above water at high tide [16, 18]. [12] claims that area is only 0.75 acres and elevation is less than 5 m, with large guano deposits. No vegetation [9]. |
no date [1, 3, 7, 12, 20] |
|
(Part of Tizard Banks) Da Ga Ven (V) Nanxun Jiao (C) (Northern reef) Xinan or Duolu Jiao (C) (S. reef) |
10°13'N 114°12'E |
A sand dune, 2 m high. Has fringing reef plus a reef 2 miles to the south, both covered at high tide [16, 18]. [20] calls this Gaven Island. Now all cement and a raised metal frame, with two-story buildings placed on top [FBIS-CHI-94-189, 9/29/94]. Southern reef was occuped by PRC on 7/4/92 [13]. |
PRC 1988 [1, 3, 7, 12, 20, FBIS] |
|
Bai Que Duong (V) Lizhun Tan (C) |
7°52'N 110°29'E |
Shallowest natural depth is either 9 m [18] or 11 m [9]. |
1989 [6, 13] |
|
(Part of Union Atoll) Ca Nham, Sinh Ton Gong (V) Ranqing Shazhou (C) |
9°54'N 114°35'E (both vary by +2') |
[18] lists a sand cay w/fringing reef at about this spot, but doesn't give its name. Reported coordinates vary. Probably synonymous with Sin Cowe East Island, but some sources list Sin Cowe East Island as being occupied by Vietnam since 1988 and Grierson as being unoccupied. |
None? 1988? |
|
Bai Trang Khuyet (V) Banyue Jiao (C) |
8°52'N 116°16'E |
Several rocks on the eastern side rise one to two feet above high tide. Encloses a lagoon [9, 18]. PRC has placed a stone marker here. |
None |
|
Banlu Jiao (C) |
10°07'N 116°08'E |
Naturally above water only at low tide. Surrounds a narrow strip of sand [18]. |
None [7] |
|
(Part of Union banks) Quyuen Jiao (C) |
9°48'N 114°24'E |
Only listed in [9], which clearly distinguishes it from Landsdowne Reef. Only above water at low tide. |
None |
|
(Part of Union Banks) Changxian Jiao (C) |
9°49'N 114°23'E |
Above water only at low tide [18]. |
None [7] |
|
Da Hop (V) Lusha Jiao (C) |
10°15'N 115°23'E |
Above water only at low tide [18]. Part of Southampton Reefs. |
None [7] |
|
(Part of Union Banks) |
9°55'N 114°30'E |
Above water only at low tide [9, 18]. |
None |
|
Bai Tham Hiem (V) Langkuo, Yuya Jiao (C) Terumbu Peninjau (M) |
8°07'N 114°40'E |
[18] says reef is above water only at low tide, but [9] claims that "some large rocks at the western end might be visible at high water." Encloses a lagoon. |
None [7[ |
|
Houteng Jiao (C) |
10°37'N 116°10'E |
Above water only at low tide. |
None [7] |
|
Dao Ca Nham (V) Huo'ai Jiao (C) Balagtas (P) |
10°53'N 114°56'E |
Most sources say naturally above water only at low tide, and Jiao is Chinese for reef. Yet [20] calls this Irving Cay, and [9] states that a very small cay lies at the reef's northern end. |
no date [7, 8, 20] |
|
(Part of Tizard Banks) Dao Thai Binh, Dao Ba Binh (V) Taiping Dao (C) Ligaw (P) |
10°23'N 114°21'E |
Covered w/shrubs, coconut and mangroves in 1938. 960 x 400 m, 0.46 sq. km or 46 ha--the largest Spratly Is. [8, 12, 16]. [17] gives 450 x 275 m, [9] lists 1400 x 370 m, and Columbia Gazetteer says 1200 x 800 m.) 5 m high. 600 soldiers, lighthouse, radio and weather stations, concerete landing jetty and two wells at SW end. Guano deposits, fringing reef. Hainan fishermen used to visit annually. In 8/93, plans were announced for a 2 km-long airstrip and fishing port. [1, 7, 8, 12, 16, 17]; also [Indochina Digest, 8/20/93, p. 2] and [IBRU, 10/93]. [12] says pineapple is cultivated here. |
1956 or 1963 [1, 3, 7, 8, 12, 17, 20] |
|
Wufan(g) Jiao (C) |
10°30'N 115°45'E |
Four or five portions are above water at low tide. Encloses a lagoon [18]. |
None [7] |
| See Collins Reef |
|||
|
(Part of Union banks) Da Gac Ma (V) Chigua Jiao (?) (C) |
9°43'N 114°18'E |
Contiguous with Collins Reef. [18] says naturally above water only at low tide, but [9] says many rocks above water at high tide. [1, 4, 13] give Chigua as Chinese name. [19] does too, but also gives this name to Kennan. [3] says "Mabini" is English for Chigua. Site of 1988 PRC/Vietnam clash. |
PRC 1988 [1, 7] |
|
(Part of Union Banks) Da Ken Nan (V) Dongmen or Ximen Jiao (C) [19] calls this McKennan Reef. |
9°53'N 114°27'E |
Naturally above water at least at low tide. Not listed in [18]. [20] calls this Kennan Island, but no other source agrees. [19] gives both Chigua & Dongmen as Chinese names; [7] gives only Chigua. [3] and [4] say Dongmen is different from both Johnson South and Kennan Reefs. [FBIS-CHI-94-189, 9/29/94] also separates Chigua & Dongmen, but doesn't give English synonyms. |
PRC 1988 [3, 7, 20] |
|
(Hon) Da Lat (V) Riji, Jiao, Shizi Jiao (C) |
8°38'N 11°40'E |
Naturally
above water at low tide. Coral lagoon [18]. Was occupied by |
PRC July 1992 [1] |
|
(Part of Union Banks) Da Len Dao (V) Qiong Jiao (C) |
9°46'N 114°22'E |
Sand dune, with fringing reef [9, 16]. [20] claims that PRC occupies, while [7] says it's unoccupied. Only [1, 9] claim that Lansdowne and Da Len Dao are the same, but this is the most logical arrangement. Also spelled Landsdowne. |
no date [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
Bo Loai Ta (V) Yanxin Shazhou (C) Panata (P) |
10°44'N 114°31'E |
Sand, surrounded by three reefs which are above water at high tide [18]. Area of "a few hectares" [9]. |
no date [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
Sanjiao Jiao (C) |
10°11'N 115°18'E |
[18] says above water only at low tide, but [9] says some rocks still visible at high tide. Part of Southampton Reefs. |
None [7] |
|
Bai Loai Ta Nam (V) Nanyue Shazhou, Nanyao Shazhou (C) |
10°44'N 114°21'E |
A sand cay, with fringing reef naturally above water at high tide [9, 16, 18]. The only speculation regarding Chinese occupation is in [7], but neither [7] nor [9] list this feature in their tables. Most maps which show it mark it as unoccupied. |
PRC? 1988? |
|
Dao Loai Ta (V) Nanyue Dao, Nanyao Dao (C) Kota (P) |
10°41'N 114°25'E |
2 m high, 6 ha; covered with mangrove bushes in 1933, above which rose coconut palms and other small trees. At this time a beacon was operating here, but no indication who built it. Fringing reef [12, 16, 18]. |
1968 [1, 3, 7, 8, 12, 16, 20] |
|
Bai Loai Ta (V) Zhuangyuan Jiao, Shuanghuang Shazhou (C) |
10°42.5'N 114°19.5'E |
Also called Loaita Southwest Reef. Never above water [18]. PRC may have occupied either this or Loaita Cay in 1988 [7, 13, 19]. [9] claims that this and Loaita Cay may be one and the same. |
PRC? 1988? [7] |
|
Nan Tong Jiao (C) Terumbu Semarang Barat Kecil (M) |
6°20'N 113°14'E |
Rocks
1 m high [7, 9, 16, 18]. [7] says it's deserted, and [20] claims that
it is occupied by the PRC. |
Malaysis no date |
|
(Part of Union Banks) Hua Jiao (C) |
9°49'N 114°16'E |
Above
water only at low tide [18]. [3] claims that |
None [7] |
|
Bai (or Da) Ky Van (V) Nanhai Jiao (C) Terumbu Mantanani (M) |
7°59'N 113°50'E |
A
sand cay, 1.5-2 m high, surrounded by two lagoons, parts of which are
above water at high tide [9, 16, 18]. |
Malaysis 1986 or 1987 [1, 3, 7, 8, 20] |
|
(Part of Loaita Bank) Da Men Di (V) Mengzi Jiao (C) |
11°09'N 114°49'E |
Awash at low tide [18]. |
None [7] |
|
Da Vanh Khan (V) Meiji Jiao (C) |
9°55'N 115°32'E |
Some
rocks above water at low tide. Has a lagoon [18]. In Feb. 1995, the
|
PRC 1995 |
|
(Part of Tizard Banks) Dao Hungma Dao, Hongxiu Dao (C) Binago (P) |
10°11'N 114°22'E |
Most sources say about 6 m high, but [9, 12 and 16] say about 19m. Covered with small trees, bushes and grass in 1963. Fringing reef [18]. |
1974 or 1975 [1, 3, 7, 12, 20] |
|
Dao Vinh Vien (V) Mahuan Dao (C) Lawak (P) |
10°45'N 115°49'E |
2.5 m high, covered with cocunut trees, bushes and grass in 1963. 580 m long, on the edge of a submerged reef. Has a small airstrip [16]. |
no date [1, 7, 8, 12, 20] |
|
(Part of North Danger Reef) Shuangzi, Gongshi or Dongbei Jiao (C) |
11°28'N 114°22'E |
At
NE end of North Danger Reef. Naturally above water only at low tide
[18]. [7] states that PRC troops may be stationed on North Danger Reef,
and this is the only feature on the atoll not definitely occupied by
someone else. [13] claims that |
PRC? 1989? [7] |
|
(Part of North Danger Reef) Dao Song Tu Dong (V) Beizi Dao (C) Parola (P) |
11°28'N 114°21'E |
3 m high, covered with grass and thick trees in 1963. 685 x 90 m, or 20 acres [16, 20]. Much of ringing reef is above water at high tide. Supported a beacon in 1984. Guano deposits [12]. [9] claims that Shira Islet, a "pronounced hummock," lies 320 m to the south. |
1968 [16] 1971 [7] [3, 12] |
|
Haikou Jiao (C) |
9°10'N 116°27'E |
Part of this reef is above water at low tide [18], and [9] claims that some rocks might be visible at high tide. Some reports confuse this with Mischief Reef. |
None |
| See Fiery Cross Reef |
|||
|
Aoyuan Ansha (C) |
8°10'N 111°59'E |
Shallowest
natural depth is 6 m [18]. Although one source claims that this shoal
is occupied by |
None [7] |
|
Hon Sap, Phan Vinh or Dao Vanh Vinh (V) Bisheng Dao (C) Hizon (P) |
8°58'N 113°41'E |
Two sand "cays", 2 m and 1 m high, lie on the edges of a lagoon. Parts of the surrounding reef are above water at high tide [9, 16, 18]. |
1988 [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
(Part of Tizard Banks) Da Nui Thi, Do Thi (V) Bolan Jiao (C) |
10°24'N 114°34'E |
[18] states that this reef is naturally above water only at low tide, but [9] claims that "some small rocks might stand above high water." |
Vietnam 1988 [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
Da T(h)ien (Yen) Nu (V) Wumie Jiao (C) |
8°52'N 114°39'E |
Numerous rocks are naturally above the high tide line. Encloses a lagoon [9, 18]. Called Tennent Reef on British charts. |
1988 [1, 7, 20] |
|
Bai Phuc Nguyen (V) Xiwei Tan (C) |
7°56'N 109°58'E |
[18] claims that shallowest natural depth is 9 m, while [9] lists 18.3 m. [7] lists it as unoccupied. Coral. |
1989 [6] |
|
Bai Huyen Tran or Bai Phuc Tan (V) Guangya Tan (C) |
8°04'N 110°30'E |
Shallowest natural depth is 7 m. Coral [18]. [20] lists PRC as occupying. |
1989 [1, 7] |
|
Bai Co Rong (V) Liyue Tan, Lile Tan (C) |
11°20'N 116°50'E |
Shallowest
natural depth is 9 m [18] or 16 m [9], [3, 7, and 10] claim this feature
has been occupied by the |
None? |
|
Bai Vung May (V) Nanwei Tan (C0 |
7°50'N 111°40'E |
Shallowest natural depth is 3 m, called Bombay Castle. Sand and coral [18]. [10] claims that Rifleman Bank was occupied by 1983, and Bombay Castle in 1989. |
1983 or 1989 [1, 3, 10] |
|
Jiangzhang Ansha (C) |
9°01'N 116°40'E |
A few rocks are above water at low tide [18]. Surrounds a lagoon. |
None |
|
Da Sac Lot (V) Huang Lu Jiao (C) Terumbu Samarang Barat Besar (M) |
7°00'N 113°35'E |
A
sand dune with no vegetation, plus rocks up to 1.2 m high [7, 9, 16,
18]. A beacon has been erected on the reef, but no information whether
|
None [7, 20] |
|
(Part of Tizard Banks) Da (or Dao) Son Ca (V) Dungian Shazhou (C0 |
10°23'N 114°28'E |
3
m high, 7 ha [9]. Covered with trees and bushes in 1951. Fringing
reef partly above water at low tide [16, 18]. [3] claims that |
1974 or 1975 [1, 7, 13, 20] |
|
Tiexian Jiao (C) |
11°03'N 114°13'E |
A low sand cay; fringing reef above water at high tide [18]. May be the only unoccupied island or cay in the Spratlys. |
None [7] |
|
Huang Yen Tao (C) |
15°08'N 117°45'E |
Several rocks up to 3 m high. Much of the reef is just below water at high tide. Encloses a lagoon. Near the mouth of the lagoon are the ruins of an iron tower, 8.3 m high. No information on who constructed it [16, 18]. |
None [7] ` |
| See Northeast Cay. |
|||
|
(Part of Union Banks) Dao Sinh Tonh (V) Jinghong Dao (C) Rurok (P) |
9°52'N 114°19'E |
May
consist of two sand cays, 4 m and 2.5 m high [16, 18]. If so, it may
be that one of these is actually the elusive Sin Cowe East Island; sources
are unclear on this. Has fringing reef which is above water at low
tide [18]. [8] claims that this feature is occupied by |
1974 [1, 3, 7, 12]; [8] says PRC since 1978 |
|
Sinh Ton Dong (C0 |
9°55'N 114°32'E |
This mysterious feature is shown on four maps and in [19] , but does not appear in [1, 7, 8, 16, 20] or on detailed maps. Probably same as Grierson Reef, but may be one-half of Sin Cowe Island. |
None? 1988? |
|
(Part of North Danger Reef) Da Nam (V) Nailuo or Xinan Jiao (C) |
11°23'N 114°18'E |
A tiny cay appears atop this reef on the most detailed map available. On the southwest end of North Danger Reef. Fringing reef is above water at low tide. |
1988 [1, 3, 7, 13, 20] |
| See Hopps and Livock Reefs. |
|||
|
(Part of North Danger Reef) Dao Song Tu Tay (V) Nanzi Dao (C) Pugad (P) |
11°26'N 114°20'E |
Only
1.75 miles from Northeast Cay. Was a breeding place for birds in 1963,
when it was covered with trees and guano. Export of guano was once carried
out "on a considerable scale." Fringing reef partly above
water at high tide. Two wells and a 12 m-high "mast" on SE
side in 1963 [7, 16, 18]. |
1974 [1, 3, 7, 8, 12, 20] |
|
Dao Truong Sa (V) Nanwei Dao (C) Lagos (P) |
8°38'N 114°25'E |
2.5 m high, flat. Covered with bushes, grass, birds and guano in 1963. [12, 16] and [18] claim that area is 13-15 ha; [8] says 750 x 400 m, Columbia Gazetteer 500 x 350 yards, Encyclopedia Britannica 450 x 275 m, and [6] = 1 km long. 5.5 m-high obelisk at southern tip. Has landing strip, and perhaps a fishing port [17]. Fringing reef is above water at low tide. |
1974 or 1975 [1, 3, 7, 9, 20] |
|
Da Su Bi (V) Zhubi Dao (C0 |
10°54'N 114°06'E |
Naturally above water only at low tide. Surrounds a lagoon. PRC has constructed 3-story buildings, wharfs, and a helipad here [20]. |
PRC 1988 [1, 3, 7, 20] |
|
Da Hua (or Hoa) Lau (V) Danwan Jiao (C) Terumbu Layang Layang (M) |
7°23'N 113°48'E |
Treeless
cay and rocks up to 3 m high surround a lagoon. 6.2 ha [9, 16, 18].
|
1983/1984 [1, 7, 8, 20] |
| See Pigeon Reef. |
|||
|
Dao Thi Tu (V) Zhongye Dao (C) Pagasa (P) |
11°03'N 114°17'E |
3.4 m high, covered with grass, bushes and palms in 1963. In the past, occasionally inhabited by Chinese fishermen [16, 18]. 22 ha, with a 5500-ft. landing strip and a marina. Two commercial flights weekly [2, 12]. 100 fishermen and weathermen. Reef dries. Variety of flora and fauna. Second largest island in the Spratlys. |
1968 [16], 1971 [8], or 1978 [7] [1, 3, 12] |
|
(NE of Thitu Island) |
11°05'N 114°22'E |
Above water only at low tide [18]. Not in [7] or [16], but listed in [19] and found on detailed maps, often at slightly different coordinates. |
None |
|
Bai Tu Chinh (V) Wan-an Tan (C) |
7°30'N 109°35'E |
Shallowest
natural depth is 16 m [18]. |
1989 [6, 7, 13] |
|
(Part of London Reefs) Da Tay, Con Tay (V) Xi Jiao (C) |
8°52'N 112°15'E |
East
part is sand "cay", 0.6 m high. West part is coral reef which
is above water only at low tide. Between them is a lagoon [16, 18].
|