. Rafferty l984:23. 
. "A Nicaraguan Pastor Reveals the Horrifying Atrocities of the Sandinista Regime in Nicaragua," press release, Trans World Missions, July l985.  Supplemented by my July l7, l985 interview with the same man and his testimony in "From Tyranny to Triumph," a Trans World video circulating in l986.  Name changed.  
. Berryman l984:226.
. Author's interview, Managua, August l985.  
. Millett l979.
. Margaret Randall (l983:ll6) quotes Ernesto Cardenal to this effect.  
. Alaníz Pinell l985:83.  
. Eich and Rincón l985:l43,l46-7,l5l-2.  Belli l985:225-7. 
. Dickey l985:l80,l84-6.  See also Eich and Rincón l985.  
. John G. Olson, transcript of telephone interview with Brother Bob, Trans World Missions, May l986.  
. Gerald Derstine, "The Truth...Nicaragua," pamphlet, Gospel Crusade (Bradenton, Florida), l986.  "Missionary Blends Christianity with Marx," The Voice of the Martyrs (Glendale, California: Jesus to the Communist World), November l985, pp.l-2.
. Beth Spring, "Does the Sandinista Regime Promote Religious Freedom?" Christianity Today, November 23, l984, pp.43-4.
. Open Doors l984b.  
. "Nicaragua: The Shaking and Shifting of the Church," Christianity Today, December 7, l979, p.44.
. Torres l98l:45.
. Dodson and Montgomery l982:l73.
.   Stephen Sywulka, "Squeezing Drops of Blessing from the Bitter Fruit of War," Christianity Today, August l7, l979, p.4l.   Sywulka, "Aftermath of Nicaragua's Civil War," Christianity Today," September 2l , l979, p.44-5.
. Centro Ecuménico Antonio Valdivieso l982.  
. "Church Also is Transformed by Nicaragua's Revolution," Christianity Today, January 25, l980, pp.52-3. 
. Menzies l97l:338.
. Shakarian l975:l43,l76-7.  John Maust, "Latin Leaders Are Influenced by Behind-the-Scenes Witness Thrust," Christianity Today, May 29, l98l, p.34.  
. Paul E. Pretiz, "The Nicaraguan Junta Reassures Evangelicals," Christianity Today, September l9, l980.  John Maust, "Latin Leaders Are Influenced."  Christianity Today, September 4, l98l (p.60).
. "The Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International," Covert Action Information Bulletin (Washington, D.C.), Spring l987, pp.l5-l7.
. Author's interviews, San José, Costa Rica, July l985.  
. Author's interview with refugee pastor in Costa Rica, July l985.   While I was unable to corroborate this account, the press ("Denuncian a Sectas que Conspiran Aquí," Nuevo Diario, April 21, l98l) did publish a complaint that evangelicals were using "Nicaragua '81" to provoke incidents which could be used to accuse the government of religious persecution.  
. Institute on Religion and Democracy l983:5-6.  
. Author's interview, Managua, August l985.   See also Dodson and Montgomery l982:l75.  
. Author's interview with National Council of Evangelical Pastors of Nicaragua (CNPEN), Managua, August l985. 
. Patricia Lee Hulsey, "Mass Crusades, National Training, Penetrate Central American Countries for Jesus Christ," Deeper Life (San Diego: Morris Cerrullo World Evangelism), July-August l98l, pp.4-6,l0-ll.  Wimber l984: section 8 page l4. 
. Author's interview, San José, Costa Rica, July l985.  
. Author's telephone conversation with Paul Stubbs, Compassion International, March 6, l985.  
. "Nicaragua: Blood and Hope," Commission, October-November l984, p.35.  "Nicaragua: A Church in Transition," CAM Bulletin, no. l, l984, pp.4-5.
. Paul Goepfert, "Nicaraguan Emergency Isn't Obvious, But 'War' Over the Churches is Bitter," Baltimore Sun, December l2, l985. 
. "Cristianos Proponen un Frente Ecuménico," Barricada (Managua), June l2, l982.  Casco l982:2l-2.  Centro Ecuménico Antonio Valdivieso 1982.
. Margaret Randall, quoted in Belli l984:l94.
."Atlantic Coast Disturbances Ring Alarm Bells in Managua," Latin America Weekly Review, October l7, l980, pp.7-8.  "Security Jitters as Bluefields Sees Red," Regional Reports (Mexico and Central America), October 24, l980, pp.2-3.
. Bourgois l981:32-6 and Adams l98la:25,55. 
. Interview with Armstrong Wiggins, "Colonialism and Revolution," Akwesasne Notes (Rooseveltown, New York; Mohawk Nation) l3(4), Late Autumn l98l, pp.4-l5.
. Interview with Brooklyn Rivera, "Miskito Nation: Some Further Words," Akwesasne Notes l4(3), Early Summer l982, pp.l8-20.  Ohland and Schneider l983:18,92-3,171.
. Georgie Anne Geyer, quoted by Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz, "The Miskitu Case," Covert Action Information Bulletin, Winter l983, p.23.
. Author's interview, Managua, July-August l985.  
. Saul Landau and Craig Nelson, "The CIA Rides Again," Nation (New York), March 6, l982, pp.274-5.
. Jack Epstein and J. H. Evans, "Nicaragua's Miskito Move Based on False Allegations," National Catholic Reporter (Kansas City, Missouri), December 24, l982, pp.l,22.  
. Alberto Reyes, "La Invasión de las Sectas," Barricada, March 3 to 5, l982.
. Barricada, August ll and l2, l982.
. Xavier Reyes, "Las Sectas y la Contra," Barricada, July l6, l982.
. "Persecution of Protestant Groups," White House Digest (White House Office of Media Relations and Planning), February 29, l984, pp.l0-ll.
. "Cmdte. Borge Destapa: 99 Sectas Operan," Barricada, July l6, l982.  "Ocupan Tres Reductos de Sectas en Ciudad Sandino," Barricada, July 22, l982.
. "Entregan a CEPAD Templos Evangélicos," Barricada, July 24, l982.
. "Investigan a Fondo Atentado Frustrado de 'Pastor' Contra," Barricada, July 24, l982.  "Presentan a 'Pastor' Metido a Terrorista," El Nuevo Diario, August 4, l982. 
. "Protesta Popular Contra las Sectas," Barricada, August ll, l982.   "Evangélicos en Diálogo con el Gobierno," La Prensa, August l6, l982.  "Grabación Prueba que es Verdad lo que Dijo La Prensa," La Prensa, August 20, l982.
. Author's interviews, Managua, July and August l985. 
. Author's interview, Sheila Heneise, Managua, July 29, l985. 
. "Pastores Evangélicos Dialogan Con Gobierno," Amanecer, October l982, p.6.  
. October 7, l982 communique from Coordinador de la Comisión Política de la Dirección Nacional FSLN to CDS coordinators, Bayardo Arce Castaño letterhead.
. Author's interviews, Managua, July and August l985.
. Randall l983:l65-6.
. For the range of positions, see the interviews of revolutionary Christians by Margaret Randall (l983) and Teófilo Cabestrero (l986).  
. Dodson l986:47-8.    
. Berryman l984:23l,265-6.
. "Evangélicos Denuncian un Plan Diversionista de CIA," Barricada, July 2, l983.  
. See the newsletter Christian Anti-Communism Crusade (Long Beach, California), December l983 through l985. 
. May 20, l98l fundraising circular, Open Doors With Brother Andrew, plus Huntington and Domínguez l984:30.  See also Pit l98l:65-76, González l983:l80-l, and Kietzman l985:56-7.
. Author's interview with John Kessler, San José, Costa Rica, July 9, l985.
. Huntington and Domínguez l984:29-30.  
. Author's interviews with Carlos Escorcia and Miguel ´Angel Casco, Antonio Valdivieso Ecumenical Center, Managua, July-August l985.  
. Beth Spring, "Tensions Between Church and State in Nicaragua Pose Dilemnas for U.S. Christians," Christianity Today, September 6, l985, p.54-7.
. Author's interview, Managua, August l985.
. Author's interviews, Managua, July-August l985.    
. Carr l963:127,209.
. "Mediation Resolves Conflicts Over Draft," Newsletter (CEPAD), January l986, pp.3-4.  Pablo Vander Harst, "Los Evangélicos Nicaraguenses: Ser Cristiano Entre Cuatro Paredes," typed ms., Antonio Valdivieso Ecumenical Center, June 20, l985.
. Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism l984:l5l-2 and author's interview, Managua, August l985.
. "Expulsados Diez 'Testigos' Diversionistas," Barricada, March 22, l982. 
. Author's interview, July 29, l985.     
. Author's interviews, Managua, August l985.
. Centro Ecuménico Antonio Valdivieso l982. Torres l98l:43-6
. Axis fund appeal quoted in Institute on Religion and Democracy l984b:8.  See also "Nicaragua: Different Perspectives on Church and State," Pulse (Wheaton, Illinois: Evangelical Missions Information Service), November l982, pp.5-7.  
. "Comunicado del Eje Ecuménico: Sectas Deben Legalizarse!" El Nuevo Diario, July 30, l982.  
. Centro Ecuménico Antonio Valdivieso l984.  Comisión Evangélica de la Responsibilidad Social (CEPRES), "Cada Oveja con su Pareja," El Nuevo Diario, September 29, l983.  "Sospechosa la 'Cruzada' Evangélica," El Nuevo Diario, February 4, l984, p.l.  See also Marvin Antonio Guevara G., "Coincidencias de las Asambleas de Dios y la Administración Reagan," El Nuevo Diario, June l8, l984.
. "Declaración de CEPRES Ante el Juicio Iniciado a uno de sus Miembros," El Nuevo Diario, March 6, l984.   Miguel Angel Casco G., "Las Asambleas de Dios en Nicaragua," El Nuevo Diario, June 29, l984.  
. Author's interviews, Managua, August l985.  
. For a portrait of grass-roots evangelicals with a generally favorable view of the revolution, see Roger Lancaster's (l986:l77-2l6) comparative study of popular religiosity, liberation theology, and evangelical Protestantism in several barrios of Managua.
. Colburn l984.
. Belli l985:l77.
. CEPAD assembly, August l5, l985.  
. "Señala Evangelista Alberto Montessi (sic): El Mayor Compromiso del Cristiano es con Cristo," La Prensa, January 24, l984.
.   "Sospechosa la 'Cruzada' Evangélica," El Nuevo Diario, February 4, l984, p.l.
. Rafferty l984. 
. Author's interview with Sixto Ulloa, Managua, August 5, l985.
. Rafferty l984.
. Huntington and Domínguez l984, translated excerpts from which were published in El Nuevo Diario, March 26-9, l984.  Kate Rafferty, "A Cry for Prayer," Open Doors, September-October l984, pp.l4-l5.  Author's interviews in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, July-August l985.  
. Institute on Religion and Democracy l985.
. Author's interview, Managua, August l985.
. Author's interviews, Managua, July and August l985.  
. "Presionan Para que CEPAD Retorne al Camino Original," La Prensa, June 6, l985.  "CEPAD Aclara un Mar de Calumnias," El Nuevo Diario, June l2, l985. 
. "Para grupos de trabajo y deliberación en asamblea," Hermanos Bautistas de Reflexión Cristiana, July 30, l985, 7 page typescript.
. Author's interviews with Pedro Antonio Aguirre of CEPAD and Anastasio Martínez, Pentecostal Mission of Christian Churches, Matagalpa, August l4, l985.  
. Philip Beisswenger, "A Christian Presence," The Other Side, April-May l985, pp.l7-l9. 
. Institute on Religion and Democracy l983 and l984b.  
. Steve Askins, "Institute Says It Reveals Threat...," National Catholic Reporter, February 4, l983, pp.l,7,l8-l9.  Hitchens l986.  
. Askin, "Institute Says It Reveals Threat...."  Karen Rothmeyer, "Citizen Scaife," Columbia Journalism Review July-August l98l, pp.4l-50.  
. "Novak, Simon Head New Contra Fund," National Catholic Register, May 26, l985.
. Institute on Religion and Democracy l985.   
. "Protestan Calumnias a CEPAD!" El Nuevo Diario, March l9, l985.  "La Respuesta de CEPAD," La Prensa, April ll, l985.  "NCC Official Urges Nicaraguans to Repudiate IRD Report," Religion and Democracy, May-June l985, pp.l-2.  Author's interviews, Managua, July and August l985. 
. Author's interview with Pedro Antonio Aguirre, CEPAD-Matagalpa, August l4, l985.
. Author's interview, CEPAD-Managua, August l985. 
. Noticiero Milamex (Mexico City), August 3l, l984.
. Author's interview, Managua, August l985.
. Hefleys l98l:528-30. 
. Fundraising circular, Trans World Missions (Glendale, California), May l985.
. John G. Olson, transcript of telephone interview with Brother Bob, Trans World Missions, May l986.
. Fundraising circular, Trans World Missions, May l985.  
. Author's interview, Managua, August l, l985.  
. "Los Moskitos y la Costa Atlantica," Envío (Managua: Central American Historical Institute), June l984, p.l3. 
. Survival International Review (London), Autumn-Winter l982, pp.89-90.  Jack Epstein and J. L. Evans, "Honduras: Miskito Refugees Enjoy Privileged Status," Latinamerica Press, October 7, l982, pp.3-4,8.  January 29, l985 letter from Tom Hawk to Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz.
. "The Contras, Miskito Indians, and the U.S.A.," Resource Center Bulletin (Albuquerque, New Mexico), Winter l986, pp.l-4 .
. Guillermo Espinoza, "Terror Somocista en Campamentos," Barricada, August 6, l985, p.9.  James LeMoyne, "U.S. Program in Honduras Helps Families of Nicaraguan Guerrillas," New York Times, April l9, l985, pp.Al,8.  Author's telephone interview with Tom Hawk, September 28, l985.  
. "Miskito Indians Flee Sandinista Terror; Children Dying of Malnutrition and Disease," Friends Report (Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Friends of the Americas), Fall l984, p.l.  "Refugees Still Pouring Out of Nicaragua; Children Suffering in Remote Jungle Area," Friends Report, Summer l985, p.9.
. Quoted by Robert Matthews, "Sowing Dragon's Teeth," NACLA Report on the Americas, July-August l986, p.3l.
. Bob Armstrong, "Mission Field on the Front Lines," Blessings (Bradenton, Florida: Gospel Crusade), Summer l986, pp.20-2.
. Invitation: Phil Derstine to Bill Moyers in "God and Politics: The Kingdom Divided," l987, Public Affairs Television.  Briefing: "The Truth...Nicaragua," Gospel Crusade, handout at February l986 convention of National Religious Broadcasters, p.8.
. Kenneth L. Woodward, "A Pentecostal for President," Newsweek, October l4, l985, p.77.  
. Vicki Kemper, "In the Name of Relief," Sojourners, October l985, pp.4-5,12-20.
. Joel Brinkley, New York Times News Service, "CIA Manual Brings Out Reports of Rebel Abuse," Arizona Daily Star (Tucson) December 27, l984.  
. Tayacán l984:3,3l-4.  
. Author's interview, San José, July l985.  
. White House press release, April l6, l985, p.3.  Newsweek, April 29, l985, p.l0. 
. "Al Descubierto Infame Mentira de Reagan!" El Nuevo Diario, June l6, l985, pp.l,7. 
. Pedro Fiallos denunciation, "Nicaragua Hoy" supplement to La Nación (San José, Costa Rica), April 27, l985.
. Prudencio Baltodano, March l4, l984 declaration in possession of the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, Managua.
. Dickey l985:94-5,l38-42,l90-4.  For an analysis of the contradictions in the Sandinista agrarian reform, see Colburn l986.   
. "Nueva Guinea," Barricada, June 5, l982.
. Author's interview, Costa Rica, July l985. 
. "Development Means Progress and Survival for People of Nueva Guinea," Newsletter (CEPAD), June l986, pp.5-9. 
. Author's interview, Managua, August l985. 
. Dodson and Montgomery l982:l72.
. "The Challenge to Democracy in Central America," Departments of State and Defense, June l986, p.39.  
. Johnstone l982:288.
. National Council of Churches l984:7. 
. Sources for these figures include a l985 interview with a Moravian pastor who requested anonymity; Americas Watch l985:l4,53; Envío, June l984, p.48; and the National Council of Churches (l984:8-9), whose figures differ somewhat from the Moravian pastor's.  
. Linde Rivera, interview with John Wilson, "La Iglesia Morava y Los Misquitos," Amanecer, November-December l984, pp.29-33. 
. Margaret D. Wilde, "Moravian-Sandinista Dialogue,"Christian Century, May ll, l983, pp.458-9.
. Anthony Quainton, quoted by Tom Minnery, "Why the Gospel Grows in Socialist Nicaragua," Christianity Today, April 8, l983, pp.34-42.
. Stephen Sywulka, "Latin American Evangelicals Gear Up For Overseas Missions," Christianity Today, October 5, l984, pp.94,96.
. "Prison Ministry Celebrated," Newsletter (CEPAD), April-May l986, p.4, and "Pardoned Prisoners Go Free to Construct New Lives, Newsletter, July  l986, pp.3-5.
. Holland l98l:l2l.  "National Leaders, Churches Adjust to Political Change," Pulse, November l982, pp.8-9.  Evangelical Press, "Instability in Nicaragua Not Hurting Church of God," Charisma, November l984, p.ll4.
. Beth Spring, "Tensions Between Church and State." 
. Ronald Sider, "Why Me Lord?" The Other Side, April-May l985, pp.20-5.
. National Council of Churches l984:4.
. Author's interview, Managua, August l985.  
. "Pese a Grupos Manipuladores, en Ciudad Sandino se han Inscrito 1,650 en el SMP," El Nuevo Diario, October 28, l983, and author's interviews, August l985.  
. Author's interviews, Managua, July and August l985.  
. Alaníz Pinell l985:77-8.  
. Author's telephone conversation with Roy Beck, United Methodist Reporter, Dallas, Texas, December 4, l985.
. Author's interview, Managua, August 2, l985.
. See also "Interrogados y Vejados: Pastores Evangélicos Llevados a Chipote," La Prensa, November 5, l985.  
. Sam Dillon, "People's Courts Take on Contras," The Miami Herald, December 27, l985, pp.l,4.
. Tayacán l984:30,34.
. Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, "How the Poorest Feel the Most Betrayed by the Sandinistas," Sacramento Bee, February 23, l986, p.C6.
. Radio Sandino (Managua), November 28, l985, translated and published by  Foreign Broadcast Information Service, December 6, l985, pp.P9-l5.   "Pastors Implicated in Illegal Acts," Barricada Internaciónal, December 5, l985, p.3.  Roy Howard Beck, "Nicaraguan Pastors Accused of U.S. Connections," National Christian Reporter (Dallas), December l3, l985, p.l.  Paul Goepfert, "Nicaraguan Emergency Isn't Obvious."  
. Mistaken analogy: Foreign Broadcast Information Service, December 6, l985, pp.Pl4-l5, quoting Barricada, December l, l985, p.5.  CIA subsidies:  "Nicaraguan Internal Opposition Receives U.S. Funds," Washington Report on the Hemisphere (Council on Hemispheric Affairs), March 16, l988, p.5.  
. Eric Alterman, "For the Contras, After a Fashion," Harper's Magazine, August l986, pp.66-7. Barry et al l986:58.  Joel Brinkley, "Iran Sales Linked to Wide Program of Covert Policies," New York Times, February l5, l987, pp.l,8.
. "Campus Crusade Runs Into Nicaraguan Opposition," Missionary News Service, August l, l984.  Permanent Commission on Human Rights (Managua), cases 84-ll-080 and 84-l2-029.
. Institute on Religion and Democracy l986.   
. The Standard (CBN University, Virginia Beach, Virginia), special reprint edition for the February l986 National Religious Broadcasters convention.
. Roy Howard Beck, "Bishops Voice 'Strong Objections' to Reported Nicaraguan Repression," National Christian Reporter, November 22, l985, p.3.  For a critique of the Sandinista security system, see Amnesty International l986.  
. Radio Sandino, November 28, l985.
. Author's interview with John Kessler, San José, Costa Rica, July l3, l985.